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Hypovolemia: Sensitivity and Specificity

Introduction: Hypovolemia can come from many sources, including dehydration or volume loss, e.g. from vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, etc.

The data here is for adults primarily.

See also Prerenal Kidney Failure, since this often results from hypovolemia and in many cases is used to diagnose low-perfusion states.

Similar to the results below, patients with specifically Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy may not appear tachycardic or hypotensive despite hemoperitoneum.

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Differential Diagnoses include: Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion

The sensitivity and specificity of findings for Hypovolemia are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Pre-Test Probability (Prevalence): %. Post-Test Probability (Predictive Value): %. Switch to display mode.
**Note that calculating probabilities from more than one finding is inherently inaccurate because findings are not independent. (For example, using two positive findings that share a common pathogenesis is likely to overestimate the true probability.)
Electronic Monitor
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Tachycardia + 0 - 1%96%
Physical Exam
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Capillary refill time + 0 - 34%95%
[ + ] Dry Axilla + 0 - 50%82%
[ + ] Dry mucous membranes + 0 - 85%58%
[ + ] Hypotension + 0 - 13%97%
[ + ] Orthostatic Hypotension + 0 - 9%94%
[ + ] Orthostatic Hypotension + 0 - 29%81%
[ + ] Orthostatic Tachycardia + 0 - 22%98%
[ + ] Orthostatic Tachycardia + 0 - 43%75%
[ + ] Skin turgor No accuracy specified.
[ + ] Sunken eyes + 0 - 62%82%
[ + ] Tachycardia + 0 - 1%96%
[ + ] Thirst No accuracy specified.
[ + ] Tongue furrows + 0 - 85%58%
[ + ] Weakness + 0 - 43%82%
Vital Signs
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Hypotension + 0 - 13%97%
[ + ] Orthostatic Hypotension + 0 - 9%94%
[ + ] Orthostatic Hypotension + 0 - 29%81%
[ + ] Orthostatic Tachycardia + 0 - 22%98%
[ + ] Orthostatic Tachycardia + 0 - 43%75%
[ + ] Tachycardia + 0 - 1%96%
Untagged
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Confusion + 0 - 57%73%
[ + ] Dry tongue + 0 - 59%73%
[ + ] Respiratory Variation in IVC Diameter + 0 - 90%90%
[ + ] Speech disturbance + 0 - 56%82%