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Hypovolemia: Sensitivity and Specificity

Introduction: Hypovolemia can come from many sources, including dehydration or volume loss, e.g. from vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, etc.

The data here is for adults primarily.

See also Prerenal Kidney Failure, since this often results from hypovolemia and in many cases is used to diagnose low-perfusion states.

Similar to the results below, patients with specifically Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy may not appear tachycardic or hypotensive despite hemoperitoneum.

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Differential Diagnoses include: Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion

The sensitivity and specificity of findings for Hypovolemia are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Pre-Test Probability (Prevalence): %. Post-Test Probability (Predictive Value): %. Switch to display mode.
**Note that calculating probabilities from more than one finding is inherently inaccurate because findings are not independent. (For example, using two positive findings that share a common pathogenesis is likely to overestimate the true probability.)
Sensitive and Specific Findings
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Respiratory Variation in IVC Diameter + 0 - 90%90%
Specific Findings
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Orthostatic Tachycardia + 0 - 22%98%
[ + ] Hypotension + 0 - 13%97%
[ + ] Tachycardia + 0 - 1%96%
[ + ] Capillary refill time + 0 - 34%95%
[ + ] Orthostatic Hypotension + 0 - 9%94%
Sensitive Findings
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Dry mucous membranes + 0 - 85%58%
[ + ] Tongue furrows + 0 - 85%58%
Negative Findings
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Tachycardia + 0 - 1%96%
Poorly Diagnostic Findings
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Sunken eyes + 0 - 62%82%
[ + ] Speech disturbance + 0 - 56%82%
[ + ] Dry Axilla + 0 - 50%82%
[ + ] Weakness + 0 - 43%82%
[ + ] Orthostatic Hypotension + 0 - 29%81%
[ + ] Orthostatic Tachycardia + 0 - 43%75%
[ + ] Dry tongue + 0 - 59%73%
[ + ] Confusion + 0 - 57%73%
Findings With Unspecified Accuracy
FindingResult SensitivitySpecificity
[ + ] Skin turgor No accuracy specified.
[ + ] Thirst No accuracy specified.