Vesicoureteral Reflux: Likelihood Ratios

Introduction: Reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters, a risk factor for multiple UTIs and potentially renal scarring / hydronephrosis.

Prevalence

Population / Calculator	Prevalence	Comments / Study / Link
Children with first febrile UTI	29.5%	any VUR J Pediatr. 2009 Feb 19. PMID: 19230904
Children with first febrile UTI	17%	high-grade VUR J Pediatr. 2009 Feb 19. PMID: 19230904
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The likelihood ratios of findings for Vesicoureteral Reflux are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Pre-Test Probability (Prevalence): %.	Post-Test Probability (Predictive Value): %.	Switch to display mode.
Note that calculating probabilities from more than one** finding is inherently inaccurate because findings are not independent. (For example, using two positive findings that share a common pathogenesis is likely to overestimate the true probability.)

Good Negative Likelihood Ratio
Finding	Result	+LR	-LR
[ + ] Renal Ultrasound or DMSA Scan	+ 0 -	1.4	0.4
at least one test positive. For high-grade VUR. Study: J Pediatr. 2009 Feb 19. PMID: 19230904
[ + ] DMSA Scan	+ 0 -	1.8	0.5
for high-grade VUR Study: J Pediatr. 2009 Feb 19. PMID: 19230904

Poorly Diagnostic Findings
Finding	Result	+LR	-LR
[ + ] Renal Ultrasound	+ 0 -	1.2	0.7
for high-grade VUR Study: J Pediatr. 2009 Feb 19. PMID: 19230904