Temporal Arteritis: Sensitivity and Specificity

Introduction: also known as Giant Cell Arteritis.

The estimated 5-year probability of developing visual loss after initiating corticosteroid therapy was 1%; that of additional visual loss in patients who already had visual loss was 13%.

Symptoms not specific to TA: anorexia, arthralgia, fatigue, fever, temporal headache, myalgia or polymyalgia rheumatica, unilateral vision loss or any visual sx, vertigo

Signs not specific to TA: optic atrophy/neuropathy, fundoscopic abnormality, absent temporal artery pulse, anemia.

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Tags: Autoimmune Vasculitis Tag this Diagnosis.

Prevalence

Population / Calculator	Prevalence	Comments / Study / Link
Age < 50	0%	only 2/1435 patients with temporal arteritis were <50. JAMA 2002 Jan 2;287(1):92-101. PMID 11754714
Women	0%	more common than in men
Patients referred for TA biopsy	39%	JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
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The sensitivity and specificity of findings for Temporal Arteritis are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Pre-Test Probability (Prevalence): %.	Post-Test Probability (Predictive Value): %.	Switch to display mode.
Note that calculating probabilities from more than one** finding is inherently inaccurate because findings are not independent. (For example, using two positive findings that share a common pathogenesis is likely to overestimate the true probability.)

Blood Test
Finding	Result	Sensitivity	Specificity
[ + ] Elevated ESR	+ 0 -	98%	11%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Elevated ESR	+ 0 -	92%	24%
>50mm/hr. in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Elevated ESR	+ 0 -	35%	82%
>100mm/hr. in patients with suspected TA. Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92

Combination of Tests
Finding	Result	Sensitivity	Specificity
[ + ] ACR Criteria	+ 0 -	94%	91%
in patients with "a" vasculitis. >=3/5 criteria: * Age greater than or equal to 50 years at time of disease onset * Localized headache of new onset * Tenderness or decreased pulse of the temporal artery * Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) greater than 50 mm/h * Biopsy revealing a necrotizing arteritis with a predominance of mononuclear cells or a granulomatous process with multinucleated giant cells. Study: Arthritis Rheum 1990 Aug;33(8):1122-8. PMID 2202311

History
Finding	Result	Sensitivity	Specificity
[ + ] Headache	+ 0 -	72%	40%
(not necessarily temporal.) in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92

Untagged
Finding	Result	Sensitivity	Specificity
[ + ] Beaded temporal artery	+ 0 -	9%	98%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Diplopia	+ 0 -	7%	98%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Jaw claudication	+ 0 -	34%	92%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Scalp tenderness	+ 0 -	17%	90%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Synovitis	+ 0 -	6%	86%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Temporal Artery Biopsy	+ 0 -	87.1%	100%
for one biopsy. Sensitivity increases with longer artery segment biopsied, or multiple sites. specificity assumed to be 100%, as this is the gold standard. Study: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Feb;48(2):675-80. PMID: 17251465
[ + ] Temporal Headache	+ 0 -	40%	74%
Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Tender temporal artery	+ 0 -	26%	90%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92
[ + ] Weight loss	+ 0 -	35%	73%
in patients with suspected TA Study: JAMA. 2002;287:92-101. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/1/92