Shoulder Instability: Likelihood Ratios

Introduction: None written.

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The likelihood ratios of findings for Shoulder Instability are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Good Positive and Negative Likelihood Ratios

Anterior Release Test

8.3

0.1

The anterior release test is conducted in a similar manner as the relocation test, then the examiner’s hand is removed suddenly, releasing pressure on the humeral head (pain reappears).

Study: JAMA. 2004 Oct 27;292(16):1989-99. PMID: 15507585

Relocation Test

6.5

0.2

performed to relieve symptoms (pain and apprehension) of instability, is conducted with the patient supine and the arm abducted to 90° and externally rotated to 90°. Downward (posterior) pressure is applied to the humeral head.

Study: JAMA. 2004 Oct 27;292(16):1989-99. PMID: 15507585

Good Negative Likelihood Ratio

Apprehension Test

1.8

0.2

It is conducted with the patient sitting or standing, with the arm placed in 90° abduction and 90° external rotation and the elbow flexed 90°. Pressure is applied to the posterior aspect of the humerus (the patient experiences pain/discomfort).

Study: JAMA. 2004 Oct 27;292(16):1989-99. PMID: 15507585