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Neonatal HIV: Sensitivity and Specificity

Introduction: The diagnosis of neonatal HIV is usually made with DNA PCR (as opposed to with adults). Obviously, HIV antibodies will be positive in all children born to HIV positive monthers. HIV RNA may be negative if the mother is on HAART despite newborn infection - however, the DNA PCR (which detects integrated provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) should still be positive.

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Tags: Infection Pediatrics Tag this Diagnosis.

The sensitivity and specificity of findings for Neonatal HIV are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Sensitive and Specific Findings

Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
HIV RNA PCR
Duplicate Edit
100%100%

at 2 months

HIV subtype E; mothers were treated with prenatal AZT

Study: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000 Aug 15;24(5):401-7. PMID 11035610

HIV DNA PCR
Duplicate Edit
95%97%

months 1-36 of age

Study: J Pediatr 1996 Aug;129(2):198-207. PMID 8765616

Specific Findings

Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
HIV RNA PCR
Duplicate Edit
79%100%

days 8-28 of life

not affected by mother or infant AZT treatment

Study: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003 Feb 1;32(2):192-5. PMID 12571529

HIV RNA PCR
Duplicate Edit
47%100%

day of birth

HIV subtype E; mothers were treated with antenatal AZT

Study: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000 Aug 15;24(5):401-7. PMID 11035610

Sensitive Findings

Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
HIV DNA PCR
Duplicate Edit
Sensitivity = 93%

at day of life 14

Study: AIDS 1995 Sep;9(9):F7-11. PMID 8527070

Poorly Diagnostic Findings

Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
HIV DNA PCR
Duplicate Edit
Sensitivity = 38%

at day of life 0-1

Study: AIDS 1995 Sep;9(9):F7-11. PMID 8527070