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Acute Coronary Syndrome: Sensitivity and Specificity

Introduction: ACS is distinguished from stable angina by:

* Rest angina, which is usually more than 20 minutes in duration

* New onset angina that markedly limits physical activity

* Increasing angina that is more frequent, longer in duration, or occurs with less exertion than previous angina

ACS is divided into 3 major categories, namely unstable angina (defined by no serum marker elevation), NSTEMI (serum markers but no ST elevations), and STEMI.

STEMI (ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, aka ST-elevation MI) - Strict ECG definition: New ST elevation at the J-point in two contiguous leads with the cut-off points: >=0.2 mV in men or >=0.15 mV in women in leads V2-V3 and/or >=0.1 mV in other leads, in the absence of LVH and RBBB.

Cardiac Enzymes timecourse (sens/spec data) from Circulation PMID 10190875:

http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/99/13/1671/T2

Cardiac Enzymes timecourse, from UpToDate:

http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/image.do?imageKey=CARD%2F3187

Other clinical findings: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467 (old) JAMA. 1998 Oct 14;280(14):1256-63. PMID: 9786377

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Tags: Cardiac Problem Tag this Diagnosis.

Prevalence

Population / CalculatorPrevalence Comments / Study / Link
TIMI risk score 12% http://www.mdcalc.com/uanstemitimiscore

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/284/7/835

500 10%
0%
More, Edit...

The sensitivity and specificity of findings for Acute Coronary Syndrome are listed below. See the left navigation bar to change the display.

Sensitive and Specific Findings

Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
CK-MB Subforms
Duplicate Edit
96%98%

at 10 hours

Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

Troponin I
Duplicate Edit
92.3%94.6%

at 10 hours

Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

Troponin T
Duplicate Edit
87%93%

at 10 hours

Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

CK-MB Subforms
Duplicate Edit
91%89%

within first 6 hours

Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

Specific Findings

Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
Continuous Electrocardiogram Edit 68%99%

continuous monitoring of ST segments

Study: Ann Emerg Med 1998 Jan;31(1):3-11. PMID 9437335

Hypotension Edit 3.1%99%

Systolic < 100 mmHg

Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

Troponin T
Duplicate Edit
10.5%98.4%

at 2 hours

Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

Tachycardia Edit 3.2%98%

heart rate > 120

Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

Peripheral Artery Disease Edit 7.5%97%

Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

Troponin I
Duplicate Edit
15.8%96.8%

at 2 hours

Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

Sgarbossa Criteria Edit 37.2%96.6%

in patients with LBBB, Sgarbossa et al proposed the following ECG criteria for acute MI:

  • ST elevation >= 1mm concordant with QRS
  • ST depression >= 1mm in V1, V2, or V3
  • ST elevation >= 5mm discordant with QRS
  • In the HERO-2 trial, a positive ECG represented either of the first two criteria, with the last one dropped (previously they had used a scoring system).

    The numbers above are from HERO-2; note that replication in a community setting gave a sensitivity of only 10% with a specificity of 100%.

    Study: N Engl J Med. 1996 Feb 22;334(8):481-7. PMID: 8559200

    J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Jul 5;46(1):29-38. PMID: 15992631

    JAMA. 1999 Feb 24;281(8):714-9. PMID: 10052441

    Troponin T
    Duplicate Edit
    61.7%96.1%

    at 6 hours

    Study: Circulation. 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID: 10190875

    Abnormal Prior Stress Test Edit 12%96%

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Pain Radiating to Shoulders or Arms Edit 11%96%

    radiating to both arms

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Mar;9(3):203-8. PMID: 11874776

    ST Depression Edit 25%95%

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Tachypnea Edit 10%95%

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Crackles Edit 9.2%95%

    or rales

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Troponin I
    Duplicate Edit
    57.5%94.3%

    at 6 hours

    Study: Circulation. 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID: 10190875

    ECG Edit 32%91%

    ischemic changes

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Ann Emerg Med 1998 Jan;31(1):3-11. PMID 9437335

    CK-MB Subforms
    Duplicate Edit
    21.1%90.5%

    at 2 hours

    Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

    Myoglobin
    Duplicate Edit
    78%89%

    within first 6 hours

    Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

    Myoglobin
    Duplicate Edit
    26.3%87.3%

    at 2 hours

    Study: Circulation 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1671-7. PMID 10190875

    T-Wave Inversion Edit 24%87%

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Exertional Chest Pain Edit 35.3%85%

    patients presenting to the ED with chest pain, initially normal EKG and no history of unstable angina.

    Study: Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Mar;9(3):203-8. PMID: 11874776

    Sensitive Findings

    Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
    Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography Edit 93%60%

    by wall motion abnormalities

    in this study PPV of WMA was 31% - specificity is low because of old WMAs

    Study: Circulation. 1991 Sep;84(3 Suppl):I85-92. PMID: 1884510

    No Chest Wall Tenderness Edit 91.7%27.8%

    patients presenting to the ED with chest pain, initially normal EKG and no history of unstable angina.

    Study: Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Mar;9(3):203-8. PMID: 11874776

    Negative Findings

    Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
    Tenderness to Palpation Edit 5.5%80%

    pain reproduced on palpation

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Poorly Diagnostic Findings

    Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
    History of Coronary Artery Disease Edit 41%79%

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467

    Findings With Unspecified Accuracy

    Finding SensitivitySpecificity Comments, Study
    HEART Score Edit No accuracy specified.

    PLR = 13. threshold 7-10

    Study: JAMA. 2015 Nov 10;314(18):1955-65 PMID: 26547467